What Are Microplastics?

Microplastics are tiny particles of plastic less than 5 millimeters in diameter—about the size of a sesame seed or smaller. While plastic waste in the environment is a highly visible problem, it’s often the smallest fragments, or microplastics, that pose the biggest risk, especially to vulnerable populations like children. These particles can come from many sources: the breakdown of larger plastic waste, industrial processes, synthetic clothing fibers, and even some food and beverage packaging.

Microplastics are now present everywhere, from the deepest ocean trenches to the air we breathe, and disturbingly, they’re showing up in our food and water. Studies have shown that we inadvertently consume microplastics through the water we drink, the fish we eat, and even some fruits and vegetables. Given children’s developing bodies, their smaller size, and their still-maturing immune systems, it’s no surprise that they are particularly at risk.

Microplastics: How They Enter Our Children’s Food Supply

1. Water Contamination

One of the largest sources of microplastic exposure is water—both tap and bottled. Recent studies have shown that a significant amount of bottled water contains microplastics. Even tap water isn’t immune, as particles from eroded plastic pipes, water treatment processes, and environmental contamination find their way into water systems.

For parents, this is especially troubling because children’s hydration needs are higher relative to their body weight than adults, meaning they consume more water for their size. If the water they drink is contaminated, they’re likely ingesting higher concentrations of microplastics relative to their body size, which can lead to a higher burden on their bodies over time.

2. Food Packaging

Plastic food packaging is another substantial contributor. From cereal boxes with plastic liners to juice bottles and snack wrappers, plastic is everywhere. When these materials degrade or interact with heat, they can release microplastics into the food or beverages they contain. The leaching process accelerates when plastic packaging is exposed to heat, such as through microwaving or when food is stored in plastic containers over time.

For kids, this means their lunchboxes, snacks, and even foods that seem healthy could carry hidden risks. Parents should consider alternatives to plastic containers and packaging, like glass, stainless steel, or compostable materials, especially when preparing or storing food.

3. The Environment and Agricultural Soil

Microplastics have also infiltrated the very soil our food grows in. Research has found that agricultural fields worldwide are increasingly contaminated with microplastics, either from irrigation with wastewater containing microplastics or from fertilizers made with sewage sludge that contains microplastic particles. These particles can be absorbed by plants or settle on the surfaces of fruits and vegetables. Certain crops, such as leafy greens and root vegetables, have shown higher levels of microplastic contamination.

Children are often encouraged to eat fruits and vegetables for health, but even these can be tainted with microplastics. Washing produce thoroughly can help reduce surface contaminants, but it’s unclear whether this completely removes all microplastic particles.

4. Seafood and Fish

Microplastics are commonly ingested by marine life, particularly fish and shellfish. Since children’s diets often include seafood as a source of protein and healthy fats, they may be exposed to microplastics when they consume these foods. While microplastics are generally concentrated in the digestive tracts of fish, which are not usually consumed, research suggests that smaller particles can migrate into fish tissue.

For families that enjoy seafood, this presents a significant concern. While seafood is nutritious, parents may need to consider sources that are less likely to be contaminated, such as sustainably farmed options with lower exposure to polluted waters.

Why Microplastics Are Dangerous: The Health Risks for Children

Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of toxins, and microplastics are no exception. Some of the potential health effects linked to microplastic exposure include:

1. Chemical Leaching

Microplastics contain chemicals like BPA, phthalates, and other additives that can leach into food and water. These chemicals are known endocrine disruptors, which means they can interfere with hormone function. For children, whose bodies are still developing, hormonal disruption can lead to developmental, neurological, and reproductive issues. Even tiny amounts of these chemicals may impact children’s growth, cognitive development, and immune system health.

2. Physical Harm

While microplastics are small, they are not too small to pose a physical risk. Particles may cause inflammation or physical abrasion to tissues if they accumulate in the body. This inflammation can trigger immune responses, potentially leading to long-term health effects. For children, this may impact respiratory health or other sensitive areas as their bodies are not yet fully equipped to handle foreign substances at such a young age.

3. Increased Risk of Chronic Disease

Emerging research suggests that chronic exposure to microplastics may contribute to long-term health problems, including metabolic and immune disorders. Some studies link microplastics to oxidative stress, which can harm cells and potentially contribute to diseases like diabetes, asthma, and cardiovascular issues. Since childhood is a foundational period for physical development, these risks could have lifelong impacts if exposure continues unaddressed.

4. Potential for Neurodevelopmental Impact

The developing brain is highly susceptible to chemical exposures. Some of the chemicals used in plastics are neurotoxic and can potentially interfere with brain development. Given that children’s brains undergo significant growth and maturation throughout their early years, the potential neurodevelopmental impacts of microplastic exposure are particularly concerning.

Practical Steps for Parents to Reduce Microplastic Exposure

1. Opt for Microplastic-Free Packaging

When buying food and drinks for children, look for brands committed to sustainable, plastic-free packaging. Our own So Gud brand offers ready-to-drink teas in compostable and paper bottles that are completely free from plastic. Choosing products packaged in compostable, glass, or metal containers significantly reduces the chance of microplastic contamination in food.

2. Avoid Heating Food in Plastic Containers

Heat causes plastics to break down faster and release microplastics. Avoid microwaving or heating food in plastic containers, as well as storing hot foods in them. Opt for heat-safe glass or ceramic alternatives, which do not release microplastics or harmful chemicals.

3. Filter Drinking Water

Investing in a high-quality water filter can help reduce microplastics in tap water. There are filters on the market specifically designed to capture microplastics, so researching options that fit your family’s needs can make a significant difference. Encourage your children to drink from reusable glass or stainless steel bottles rather than single-use plastic ones.

4. Choose Whole, Fresh Foods Over Packaged Alternatives

The more a food item is processed and packaged, the greater the likelihood it has been exposed to plastics. Preparing meals with fresh ingredients at home is one of the best ways to limit plastic exposure. Whenever possible, choose whole fruits, vegetables, and grains, and store them in non-plastic containers.

5. Promote Ocean-Friendly Seafood

If seafood is a part of your child’s diet, consider sourcing fish from sustainable farms or choosing types that are lower on the food chain, like sardines and anchovies, as they may have lower levels of contamination. Avoid plastic-packaged seafood when possible.

6. Educate and Advocate for Better Policies

While individual actions are helpful, systemic changes are essential to reduce microplastic contamination globally. Joining or supporting advocacy efforts can amplify the message that parents want a safer, cleaner environment for their children.

So Gud’s Commitment to a Plastic-Free Future

At So Gud, we’re committed to providing high-quality, microplastic-free beverage options. By using compostable packaging for our ready-to-drink teas and embracing sustainable practices, we are actively working to reduce plastic pollution and offer parents safer choices. As parents ourselves, we believe in a future where children can grow up healthy, and a large part of that goal involves reducing plastic waste and exposure.

Prioritizing Our Children’s Health in a Plastic-Heavy World

In our modern world, it’s almost impossible to eliminate microplastics entirely from our lives. However, by making informed choices, parents can reduce their children’s exposure and protect them from the potential harms associated with microplastics.

By educating ourselves, investing in safer options, and supporting brands and policies focused on reducing plastic pollution, we can collectively create a safer, healthier world for the next generation.